Autism Spectrum Disorder - 1278 Words

Statistical evidences. ASD’s gender proportion suggests that the autism is sex-linked, and the statistical evidence convincingly shows that genetic factors are playing key role in the prevalence of ASD. To begin with, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published the relationship between the number of autistic boys and girls. The statistical evidence shows that boys are more inclined to become autistic than girls. CDC states that 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls were identified as having ASD. This observation shows that ASD is likely a sex-linked inheritance. Sex-liked inheritance is defined as a pattern of inheritance characteristic of genes located on the sex chromosomes of organisms having a chromosomal mechanism for sex determination (Sadava et al., 2014). If the ASD was sex-linked inheritance, the ratio between male and female exhibiting the phenotype would result in 3 to 1 under the normal curve. The ratio between boy and girl is approximately 5 to 1, which shows that there is a strong association between sex-linked inheritance and ASD. For this reason, it is reasonable to conclude that ASD is primarily influenced by the genetic factor, which is prenatal. On the other hand, some behavioral psychiatrists would argue that the conclusion is inaccurately determined, since the genetic mutation would not occur within a decade. As indicated in Appendix C: Table 1, the rate at which the number of ASD children increaseShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesAutism is a neurological disorder with many forms and severities, better known as autism spectrum disorder, that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout the individual’s life. Autism spectrum disorder is defined as developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges (CDC). Previously, autism was recognized in distinct groups and types. Now, autism is referred to as a spectrum because there is an overlap among all the different forms of autismRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism2594 Words   |  11 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition that is classified by a triad of impairments. These impairments are in communication, socialization, and repetitive patterns of behavior (Wolf, 2004). Autism affects about 1% of the current population (Shishido, Branko, Norio, 2013). This disorder seems like a common diagnosis in the current day in age but the disorder was only discovered around sixty years ago. The two founding researchers that discovered the disorder are KannerRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1827 Words   |  8 Pagesin the United States had one or more developmental disorders in 2006-2008. This can affect the person mentally, physically, emotionally, or a combination of the three. These range from something as simple as a speech delay to something as complex as cerebral palsy. One of these developmental disorders is autism. Autism can cause social, communication, and behavioral challenges. One in 68 children are affected by autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is 4.5 times more common in boys. One in forty-twoRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism ) Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesconventions (Lai, 2014). These two observations would be the beginning of a disorder known as the Autism Spectrum Disorder. This developmental disorder, characterized by a range of deficits in different areas, is increasingly prevalent in society and in the media. While the exact numbers vary from country to country, according to Lai (2014), 1% of the general population is diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. The range of this disorder has a detrimental effect on society, specifically the educationalRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism ) Essay1858 Words   |  8 Pages Autism Spectrum Disorder affects various aspects of an autistic child’s life. Many children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder every year, while others go undiagnosed for an extended time, or even for their whole life. A child exhibiting delays in language benchmarks or showing little interest in the surroundings should be examined for possible ASD. Language is often impaired and although the level of impairment can range from severe too unnoticeable in each child, a child is likely toRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder1446 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Health Problem Autism or autism spectrum disorder ( ASD) is a developmental disorder that has been found world wide. However unlike many other disorders, autism is fairly new in the sense that there is no cure nor a set factor causing it. Today, the public is more aware of the disorder, yet there is still concern about how to treat autism in children as well as what risk factors are more likely to lead to autism. Autism has been around for the past hundred years, however previous to theRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder1409 Words   |  6 Pagesboys and 1 in 189 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United States (Autism Speaks, n.d.). Can be diagnosed in all racial and ethnic groups, as well as every age group. In the 2013 publication of DSM-5 diagnostic manual, Asperger syndrome, Autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder- not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) were merged into one category of ASD. This paper will explain what Autism Spectrum Disorder is, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosisRead MoreAutism And Autism Spectrum Disorder1267 Words   |  6 Pages and the way he interacted with others, spoke to me on a profound level. I know autism when I see it. For those not familiar with autism, Autism Speaks, the world’s leading autism science and advocacy organization, defines autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are characterized, in varying degrees (hence, a â€Å"Spectrum† that includes both low- and high-functioning individuals), by difficulties in socialRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn America about one out of 88 children have autism spectrum disorder and about 36,500 in four million children are born with autism. Currently approximately 1.5 million adults are living with autism in the United States. The autistic brain is a complicated phenomenon, which has required many years of research in the biomedical field by institutes, organizations, and the government to comprehend the disorder. Depending on the severity of the disorder – low functionin g or high functioning – and theRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pages Autism and Asperger’s are two syndromes that are now looked as being part of the ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’. Asperger’s is on the high functioning end while Autism is on the low functioning end. Before the ‘autism spectrum’ was created, in nineteen forty-three and nineteen forty-four, a psychiatrist named Leo Kanner and German scientist named Hans Asperger discovered Autism and Asperger’s. Their research included looking at cases of children who were different and had qualities of aloneness, obsessiveness

The Human Vessel to the New Business Frontier Free Essays

As our workforces grow more diverse every day, and customers are demanding better, faster, and less expensive service, companies are faced with the challenges to create and meet the changes necessary to remain in business. The organizational environment must also learn to assess the direction of these changes while also being able to respond successfully to those that roll in at a completely different direction than expected. The leadership required to handle these wonderfully tumultuous times, so that organizations in transition remain profitable, is crucial. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Vessel to the New Business Frontier or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today†s companies become successful based on their abilities to create and manage change. They can no longer survive without â€Å"†¦ courage and imagination – the courage to challenge prevailing business models and the imagination to invent new markets. † As the globe continues to evolve into a marketplace with vanishing boundaries, competition becomes stronger, tighter, and smarter than ever before, ultimately forcing organizational change. The tidal strength of competition that has been upon us over the past few decades has fundamentally changed the â€Å"blueprints† of many corporations and how they now need to be led. Businesses have awakened to the hard fact that leadership can no longer be defined by the effective management of people and systems, but most importantly by the effective leading of change. Leadership, or the lack thereof, is proving to be one of the most crucial determinants of whether organizations will survive and flourish in the next century†s business frontier. â€Å"We live in an era of organizational reengineering. To become or remain competitive, leaders often must realize improvement through radical change, or reengineering. As defined by Jon R. Katzenbach, author of Real Change Leaders, radical changes are: Those situations in which corporate performance requires most people throughout the organization to learn new behaviors and skills. These new skills must add up to a competitive advantage for the enterprise allowing it to produce better and better performance in shorter and shorter time frames. The changes that are most relevant are those that demand companies to redefine their organizations in order to profit from the changes or even just to endure them. Change, such as that which comes with new technology, comes so quickly and frequently that business are forced to develop new organizational models and practices. With the unrelenting evolution of technology, organizational structures have had to be reinvented. No longer do we find the centralized, multi-layered hierarchies that once offered organizations bureaucratic control over employees. Towering organizational structures are now collapsing into flatter pyramids with wider spans of control offering greater flexibility, cost-efficiency, and more interdependent departments capable of rapid action and reaction. As with advances in technology, economic, political, and socio-cultural environments are also faced with swift changes. Unfortunately, such a rapid rate of change can turn an organization†s strengths into its weaknesses. Leaders must now think like change agents, because the issue is not only how new concepts and skills are acquired, but also how to unlearn things that are no longer serving the organization. This means that leaders must carefully examine organizational cultures and then reinvent them to promote and maintain success. The most important thing to understand, however, is that leaders cannot change culture arbitrarily in the sense of eradicating dysfunctional conditions. By evolving culture they can build on its strengths while diminishing its weaknesses. â€Å"Culture is ‘changed†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ through changes in various key concepts in the mental models of people who are the main carriers of the culture. Note, however, that such transformations do not occur through announcements or formal programs. They occur through a genuine change in the leader†s behavior†¦ † If culture cannot be manipulated through hard-core policy changes and formalities, how does a leader gain the loyalty of the organization†s members? How does a leader influence others to voluntarily commit to his or her vision of where the company is going and how it will get there? Robert Rosen, assistant clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the George Washington School of Medicine tells us that â€Å"Americans are hungry for new leaders; emotionally intelligent leaders with vision and character who can guide their downsized organizations back to health and high performance. However, before they are willing to go through the growing pains of organizational changes, employees want to and must see that the leader is willing to â€Å"walk the talk! † The path of a leader is one of a trailblazer. Forging new ideas, concepts, and theories to raise the success level of those he or she is leading. Throughout history, there have been many leaders who have fundamentally changed the way the world viewed things such as freedom, politics, and the importance of forgiveness. These magnetic individuals are able to draw out not only their own magnificence, but also that of those who follow them. Within their skills to lead, they cultivate others† abilities to rise above their difficulties and self-doubts. Leaders of truly positive change can breath life back into an organization that is on the edge of collapsing. With their abilities to instill values that reflect courage and respect in their followers, they also are more than willing to share in their visions for the future. If a leader truly wants to transform an organization that can and will endure the inevitable changes that the future holds, he or she must work to unify its members by building a shared vision with common values and direction. Vision is an essential element of leadership. It is a leader†s image of what the company will produce or provide, where the company is headed to achieve those successes, and how it will arrive there. â€Å"Vision refers to a picture of the future with some implicit or explicit commentary on why people should strive to create that future. † It is also â€Å"†¦ the [intuitive] ability to see the potential in or necessity of opportunities right in front of you. † Vision is necessary to clarify the necessity and actions of organizational changes. When people understand why they are going in a certain direction and they fundamentally agree with it, they are much more motivated and willing to put in the work it takes to see a leader†s vision materialize. â€Å"†¦ the real power of a vision is unleashed only when most of those involved in an enterprise or activity have a common understanding of its goals and direction. † When a journalist inquired about the remarkable success of the Hewlett-Packard corporation, David Packard spoke only in terms of the â€Å"†¦ ttributes of immense operating freedom within well-defined objectives, the pay-as you-go policy that enforces entrepreneurial discipline, the critical decision to enable all employees to share in the company†s financial success. † These organizational attributes are not just simple choices made to see if the organization†s members would use them to assist the company in its successes; they are carefully thought out plans that began as someone†s vision as to how the company could flourish through its people. To companies whose leaders mobilize their people and unleash their competence, creativity, and commitments, success is almost sure to follow. Once a leader has formed, articulated, and shared with the other members of the organization his or her visions for the future, those other people will be watching very closely to see just how much conviction the leader has in those visions. They expect leaders to show up, to pay attention, and to participate directly in the process of getting extraordinary things done. Leading by example is how leaders make visions and values tangible. It is how they provide the evidence that they are personally committed. That evidence is what people look for and admire in leaders, people whose direction they would willingly follow. This makes credibility a very important attribute that people look for in a successful leader. Those looking to a leader need to believe in that person; that he or she can be trusted; that he or she is truly excited about the direction that the company†s heading. People expect their leaders to stand for something and to have the courage of their beliefs. It is also equally as important for the leader to know that his or her credibility is not being challenged. Leaders believe their personal credibility is more important than their formal position of power. Credibility is what they think enables them to inspire confidence among the people they must influence to take initiative and personal risk. The best leaders show their personal credibility both in what they have accomplished and in what they know about the change task at hand. Courage is another primary attribute of a successful leader. One of the greatest challenges for leaders of change is to develop the personal skills that are necessary to effectively generate and cultivate courage, in themselves as well as those around them. â€Å"They recognize that courage is really about making the connection between what†s changing in the business world and what needs to change in their personal behaviors. They also recognize that personal change offers far more potential rewards than sticking with the status quo. As the hallmark of a true leader, courage is necessary to take risks, to create a vision, to empower others, and to challenge the current conditions of any situation. In The Art of War, Sun Tzu said: â€Å"Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humanness, courage, and sternness. † The most essential aspect of how the leaders of the next century will sustain their companies is the continual facilitation of the people within their organizations as the primary factor for success. Although empowerment has become somewhat of a â€Å"buzz† word within the business arena, it†s power is nonetheless stronger than any other tool used by leaders to get results from people. Because in its most simple form, empowerment is sharing the decision-making process with others, it is closely related to courage. Those companies that have stood the test of time, such as Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, Nordstrom, and Wal-Mart have infused into their organizations the practices of empowering their employees. Leaders of the future must have the strength and fearlessness to go against the grain of old assumptions or paradigms. They must continue to trailblaze in their efforts to see that the organizations of the next century will remain in tact. They will be the encouragers of change for positive results; they will be the beacons that the others look to guide the ship through any storm; they will hold their heads high in recognition of success and have the courage to admit when outcomes are not what they had planned. Tomorrow†s leaders of change rise to the occasion and take the others with them. How to cite The Human Vessel to the New Business Frontier, Essay examples

Ancient Maya Essay Example For Students

Ancient Maya Essay The ancient Maya were a group of American Indian peoples who lived in Southern Mexico. Their descendants, the modern Maya,live in the same regions today.Agriculture was the basis of the economy of the Mayan and corn was the principal food.(Voorhies 324) Other crops included avocados, tomatoes, and chili peppers. They cultivated an enormous variety of plants.(Foley 20)In hieroglyphic writing, astronomy, and mathematics, the Mayan Indians were far ahead of any other people in the New World.(Foley 20) The Mayan invented a solar civil calendar including three hundred sixty- five days.(Ivanoff 86) The accuracy of the Mayan calculations is all the more extraordinary in view of the fact that they had no knowledge of glass or metals. They had no precision instruments available to them. Their tools were polished stones that very closely resembled tool from our Neolithic Age.(Ivanoff 86)Mayan cities served as centers for the surrounding countryside. The people gathered in the centers for impor tant events such as markets and religious festivals. The Maya had no schools. The children learned by observing adults and helping them.(Voorhies 323) Maya farmers lived in rural homesteads for small villages near their fields. They built their houses from poles all tied together. The man could have two or even three wives. Each one would tend to her own fire and cook for her own children.(Price 91) Entire Maya families, including parents, children, and grandparents lived together. Everyone in the household helped with the work. Very little is known about the government of the Maya. Each Maya city governed itself and the area around it, and larger cities may have had control over several smaller cities. The rulers of the government probably consisted of both chiefs and priests. The Maya never united to form a central governmental unit(Voorhies 325). As population rose, the nobles of the independent city states both intermarried and made war on one another. Ultimately, the system of rule that had served the Maya for centuries had failed. Faced with famine, foreign invasion, chronic warfare, and perhaps disease, an era ended what is generally called the Classic Maya collapse. Although writing in the New World did not originate among the Maya, they gave writing its greatest refinements.(Miller)What Mayan writing seems to represent is a sacred language used only by the elite, initiated, and known only by them. The language of the Mayan was identical with that of the Yucatan Indians, given the fact that writing was identical. The Maya kept records on large stone monuments called stelae. They used the Steele to record important dates and to take note of great events in the lives of their rulers.(Price 91)They also used the stelae to recount the positions of the heavenly bodies_ particularly the Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.(Miller)The men and the older boys did most of the farm work. They also did most of the hunting and fishing. The women and older girls made family clothes and prepare the meals. The Maya made small sculptures of clay and carved huge ones from stone. Some of the large sculptures stood over thirty feet high.( Voorhies 326) Early Classic stone sculpture usually features a single Maya ruler celebrating his reign.Many fine carvings on small jades, shells, and bones were warn and used by nobles. Maya artists decorated walls with brightly colored murals that featured life like figures. The Maya also built large, low buildings where chiefs and priests probably lived before important ceremonies. Maya architectural forms were derived from domestic architecture.The shrine and platform of the pyramid grew from the house form, and the Maya corbel arch, often called a false arch, preserves the hip roof in the stone. Highly skilled architects built tall pyramids of limestone, with small temples on top The Maya produced exceptional architecture,painting, pottery and sculpture. Most of what is known of Mayan art forms comes from archeological discoveries of ancient artifacts . Musical instruments included drums, pipes, and a high-pitched whistle.(Foley 92)The Maya worshiped many gods and goddesses. One Maya manuscript mentions more that one hundred and sixty of them.(Voorhies 326) Religion played a central part in the daily life of the Maya. Each day in the Maya year had a special religious importance and religious festivals in honor of particular gods took

What Are the Effects of Eating Fast Food Essay Example

What Are the Effects of Eating Fast Food Essay Introduction Americans have begun to eat more fast food because the way in which it is marketed; it’s cheap, convenient, finger-food, and it tastes good. Eating is one of the pleasures of life, although it can be bad for your health when eating fast foods, which are high in saturated fats, refined sugars, calories, and sodium that lead to obesity and diabetes. What are the effects of eating fast food and the impact it has on a person’s health? The Meaning of Fast Food Fast food is the term given for too many items that can be prepared and served quickly. http://www. healthandage. org/Home/gm=20! gid2=2662). Fast food is the food that supplied quickly after ordering, and by minimal service. However, the best way to distinguish fast food is to use formal characteristics: Time required – those who eat fast food do not want to spend a lot of time selecting and eating, and if necessary will eating or walking, on the bus, park bench, or at work. The variety of foods and beverages is usually very limited. Fast food frequently does not come with knives and forks, making it â€Å"finger food. When silverware, cups and plates are necessary, they are disposable. The modern history of fast food in America began on July 7, 1912 with the opening of a fast food restaurant called the Automat in New York. The Automat was a cafeteria with its prepared foods behind small glass windows and coin-operated slots. Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart had already opened an Automat in Philadelphia, but their â€Å"Automat† at Broadway and 13th Street, in New York City, created a sensation and numerous Automat restaurants were quickly built around the country to deal with the demand. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Effects of Eating Fast Food specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Effects of Eating Fast Food specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Effects of Eating Fast Food specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Automats remained extremely popular throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company also popularized the notion of â€Å"take-out† food, with their slogan â€Å"Less work for Mother†. The American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast-food outlet in Topeka, Kansas in 1921, and selling hamburgers for five cents apiece (http://www. tqnyc. org/NYC074355/fastfood. html). When fast food companies first open, they generally introduced one size. For example, one size French fries when McDonalds first opened, called fries. That size fries is now called small. Medium, large, and super size. That original size is about 200 calories, but the super size is going pack in over 600 calories (Super Size Me. Morgan Spurlock. Morgan Spurlock. Roadside Attractions, Samuel Goldwyn Films, Showtime Independent Films, 2004). Fast Food Linked To Obesity and Diabetes Every day, nearly one-third of U. S. children aged 4 to 19 eat fast food, which likely packs on about six extra pounds per child per year and increases the risk of obesity (http://www. cbsnews. om/stories/2004/01/05/health/main591325. shtml). People who eat fast food frequently are more likely to gain weight and develop insulin resistance, and such eating habits may increase the risk of obesity. For example: Individuals who ate fast food more than twice a week gained an extra 10 pounds and had a twofold greater increase in insulin resistance than people who ate less than once a week at one of these establishments (http://news. healingwell. com/index. php? p=news1id=523168). Diabetes now is the second most major cause to death after smoking. Usually, adults at 40 years old have diabetes because of been overweight. But now children from 10, 11, 12 years old likely to has diabetes because they eat too much fast food so diabetes’s risk increased (http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2001/04/21/eveningnews/main287029. shtml). Today, the popular fast food is extremely high in fat. For example: A Big Mac, Super Size fries and a large Coke at McDonalds now contains 1500 calories, about 40 percent of those from fat (http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2001/04/21/eveningnews/main287029. shtml). According to the Fragala family, Karen Fragala, who lives in Queens, New York, is taking her daughter Gabriella, son Joey, and nephew Gary to the drive thru. On the menu today? Chicken McNugget and a Sprite please. The Fragalas have been going to McDonalds three times a week, until recently. Says Karen Fragala, We went to the doctor in December and then went for a re-check in March and he said she gained 9 pounds. Six-year-old Gabrielles 9-pound weight gain in just 4 months convinced Karen Fragala that is was time to stop eating French fries (http://www. bsnews. com/stories /2001/04/21/eveningnews/main287029. shtml). You see that. A 6 years old girl gained 9-pound in just 4 months. Also in New York two teenage girls one is 14 years old 4’ 10’’, and weight 170 pounds, and the other 19 years old, 5’ 6’’, and weight 270 pounds. It is unbelievable, but it is reality (Super Size Me. Morgan Spurlock. Morgan Spurlock. Roadside Attractions, Samuel Goldwyn Films, Showtime Independent Films, 2004). Finally, eating a lot of fast food every day, and not get enough exercise will cause you to become obese and diabetic. Fast Food Not Nutritious Fast food is not a healthy food because contains too many calories, sodium, too much saturated fat, and refined sugar. It does not have any vitamins or minerals. For example: A Double Whopper with Cheese (Hamburger) has 1010 calories, 67g fat, 47g Carbs, 55g protein (http://shapefit. com/burg erking. html). A Salad With Oil And Vinegar Dressing has 93 calories, 5g fat, 10g carbs, 2g protein (http://www. thedailyplate. com/ nutrition-calories/food/olive-garden/salad). Lets compare these two kinds of foods. Which one is nutritious? Of course, the Salad With Oil And Vinegar Dressing is most nutritional food because it does not has too much calories or fat. However, all those calories you need to burn it all. Otherwise, those calories will turn into fat and stay in side your body, and soon you will become obese. While most people think that salads serving from fast food restaurants are healthy, nutritious choices, but in truth may be wrong. For example: Wendy’s Chicken BLT Salad has 680 calories, 410 calories from fat, 13g saturated fat, 125mg cholesterol, 1480mg sodium, 37g ttl. arbs, 4g fiber, and 37g protein (http://www. swedish. org/16475. cfm). This kind of salad still is not nutrition. However, there are some salad that is healthy, but fast food restaurants they always selling salad with fat- and sodium-lots of items, such as fried chicken, creamy full fat dressings, sour cream, and lots of cheese, bacon, nuts, fried croutons, and taco chips or shells. Those items are making the salad becomes unhealt hy food. Fast Food Brings Lots of Illness to Our Life Fast foods cause many illnesses to us such as: Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Gall Bladder Disease, Osteoarthritis, Sleep Apnea, Respiratory problems, Endometrial Cancer, Breast Cancer, Prostate cancer, Colon Cancer, Dyslipidemia, Steatohepatitis, Insulin Resistance, Asthma, Hyperuricemia, Reproductive Ovarian Syndrome, Impaired Fertility, and Adult onset Diabetes. For example: According to the video that called â€Å" Super Size Me† this movie is about Morgan Spurlock who ate only fast food for 30 days straight. As the result, his body gained 24. lbs, fat liver, cholesterol 253, 7 percent more body fat, double heart disease, double heart failure, depressed and exhausted, mood swings, sex life is nonexistent. Opposing Arguments Many people eat fast food every day or at least 3 times a week because they love fast food and it tastes good. But not many people know how bad fast food is. They just keep eating fast food to fill up their stomach. Most people go out to eat fast food as a meal because they don’t have time to make a healthy meal at home or they have to take- care their kids. It is a good idea to eat out at McDonald because it’s save time and save money, too. So, why do they have to spend a lot of time to make a good meal at home? Also, people can buy a hamburger with only one dollar that saves a lot of money. Also McDonald and Burger King give out free toys. Free Toys kids would really like it. McDonald had playground for kids, too that really great for kids to play as hard as they want. So the kids and their parent visit fast food restaurant more often. Many people eat fast food for few years before, but nothing happen to them. So, they think that fast food is good. It is a healthy food, so they just keep eating fast food all the time. But No! This is wrong. Don’t ever think that fast food is a healthy food because fast foods have too many calories and fat that is lead to obesity. Fast foods taste good. But not only tasted good, fast food also affect badly to your health. For example: as the result show that, in the French fried from Burger King and McDonald; it contains about 100 times the maximum allowable limit of acrylamide. The chemical compound acrylamide (acrylic amide) has the chemical formula C3H5NO. Its IUPAC name is 2-propenamide. It is a white crystalline solid that has no scent; mix in water, ethanol, ether and chlorofor. Scientists in Sweden accidentally discovered Acrylamide in foods in April 2002 when they found large amounts of the chemical in starchy foods, such as potato chips, French fries and bread that had been heated (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Acrylami de). Another example: French fried is not the only food that contain bad, unhealthy chemical for body. Epidemiologists found that evidence pointed to the ground beef as the problem taco ingredient. A strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli), which can cause people to suffer bloody diarrhea and renal problems, occurs in the manure of some healthy cattle. E. coli can be killed by cooking ground meat to at least 160? F (http://www. sciencedaily. c om/releases/2004/06/040615075550. htm). However, fast food is unhealthy food because it has too much fat from chess, refined sugar, and many others. So stop eating fast food to stay healthy. Also try to keep your kids away from McDonald or other restaurants and spend some time to cook a healthy meal, and play with your kids, so they might forget about the â€Å"playground†. Therefore, your kids will be healthy. Conclusion In conclusion, the problem of obesity not only quickly spreads out the United States; it also causes people’s health to become injurious. Obesity is the second major that cause people to death, after smoking. People should focus high attention on the problem of obesity. Obesity needs to be treated as national problem, not an individual problem. People should learn to how several nutrients work their bodies. Some prevention activities indicate that fast food is very dangerous, and it cause people at risk of death from different kinds of diseases. Some suggestion can help people to change their bad eating habits and perceive more knowledge of nutritional theory. Now is the time for people to improve their bodies better by choosing their healthy foods. The healthy foods like: limiting gravy and sauces, garden salad, honey BBQ chicken sandwich, Skinless chicken breast without breading, and many others.

Designing A Thermodynamics Experiment essays

Designing A Thermodynamics Experiment essays The final design was very simple. It consisted of a stainless steel tank and a tank cover that we made out of a piece of carton. All of the equipments that were used (thermometer, pump, heater, inlet and outlet pipes) had it place on the cover The equipments we used had the following restrictions on its usage: 1. The maximum pressure for the pump is 40psi and the normal operation pressure is 18psi. 2. The pump provides a steady flow rate that ranges between .4 to 987 ml/min depending of the tubing that is being used. 3. The maximum section left that the pump provides with water is 29ft (8.8m). 4. The electric current needed to operate the pump is 2 amps. 5. The angular velocity of the pump is 58rpm. 1. This heater can only be used for heating water; it cannot be used to heat other liquids. 2. The round base should be always covered with water. 3. The heater should not be operated with out water; it will disconnect with in 2-3 minutes if that was done. 4. Allow 10 minutes per gallon of water to heat. 5. The electric current needed to operate the heater is 10amps. 6. If the water is heated to the desired temperature disconnect the heater. 7. The heater should be placed in water having a depth of from 1.5in to a height just below but not toughing the bottom of the black handle. 1. The instructions and limitations of using the equipments should be read and understood to avoid damaging the equipment. 2. Chose the appropriate tubing for the desired flow rate. 3. Assemble the tubing to the pump (refer to the pump instructions manual for extra help) 4. Using a measuring tape measure the height of the tank, the diameter of the thermometer used, and the diameter of the pipes going in and out of the tank and the diameter of the heater ¡s handle. 5. Using a pencil draw a circle for each diameter that has been recorded in step 4 on the piece of carton that is going to be used as a cover. 6. Cut these ci...

Famous Inventors and Inventions - M Biographies

Famous Inventors and Inventions - M Biographies Paul MacCready Invented the first human-powered flying machine in history. Charles Macintosh Received a patent for a method for making waterproof garments by using rubber dissolved in coal-tar naphtha for cementing two pieces of cloth together. The mackintosh raincoat was named after Charles Macintosh. Cluny MacPherson Canadian, Cluny MacPherson invented the Macpherson gas mask and started the first St. Johns Ambulance Brigade. Akhil Madhani Honored with the Lemelson-MIT Award for his robotics invention. Theodore Harold Maiman Received a patent for the Ruby Laser System. Guglielmo Marconi In 1895, Marconi invented equipment that transmitted electrical signals through the air (part of telegraphy and radio transmission). Warren Marrison Developed the first quartz clock. Forrest Mars Forrest Mars invented the recipe for MMs chocolateb during the Spanish Civil War. Stanley Mason Invented a clothespin fishing lure, the first disposable contoured diapers, the squeezable ketchup bottle, the granola bar, a heated pizza box, plastic microwave cookingware, and a dental floss dispenser. Thomas Massie Invented the haptic computer interface, a computer interface system that enhances virtual reality. Sybilla Masters The first women ever recorded in history for inventing. However, women have been inventing since the dawn of time without the deserved recognition. John Mathews John Mathews has been called the Father of the American Soda Water industry. Jan Ernst Matzeliger Developed an automatic method for lasting shoes and made the mass-production of affordable shoes possible. John W Maunchly Co-invented the ENIAC computer. Robert D Maurer Invented fiber-optic communication innovations and co-invented fiber-optic wire. Hiram Maxim Inventor of the Maxim Machine Gun. James Clerk Maxwell One of the worlds greatest physicists. Stanley Mazor Received a patent for a computer microprocessor. Cyrus Hall McCormick A Chicago industrialist who invented the first commercially successful reaper, a horse-drawn machine that harvested wheat. Elijah McCoy McCoy is best known for inventing the automatic oil cup. During his life, he invented and sold 57 different kinds of devices and machine parts including an ironing board and a lawn sprinkler. See Also - Elijah McCoy - Patents James McLurkin Invented Robot Ants robots. Arthur Melin Co-invented the modern hula hoop. Gerardus Mercator The Mercator map projection was invented by Gerardus Mercator as a navigation tool. Ottmar Mergenthaler Invented the linotype-composing machine in 1886. George de Mestral Invented VELCRO and Mother Nature could not have made it better herself. Robert Metcalfe Introduced the world to network computing with the ethernet. Antonio Meucci American-Italian inventor. Microsoft Profile of American computing giant, Microsoft. Alexander Miles Invented an improved elevator. John A Miller The Thomas Edison of roller coasters. Irving Millman Co-invented a vaccine against viral hepatitis and developed a test that identified hepatitis B in blood samples. Dennis Moeller Co-invented improvements in computer architecture that allows IBM compatible PCs to share the same peripheral devices. Ann Moore Invented the Snugli baby carrier. Gordon E Moore The co-founder of the Intel Corporation and the author of Moores Law. Garrett A Morgan Invented a gas mask and received a patent for a traffic light. William G Morgan Invented volleyball in 1895, at a YMCA in Holyoke, MA. Krysta Morlan Invented a device that relieves the irritation caused by wearing a cast - the cast cooler. William Morrison - Walter Frederick Morrison A plastic version of the Frisbie. William Morrison Built a electric-powered six-passenger wagon in 1891. Samuel Morse Invented telegraph wires and Morse code, an electronic alphabet patented in 1840. The first telegraph read, What hath God wrought!. See Also - Timeline Andrew J Moyer Moyers patents were for the industrial production of penicillin. Louis Marius Moyroud Invented the first practical phototypesetting machine. K Alex Muller In 1986, Alex MÃ ¼ller and Johannes Georg Bednorz invented the first high-temperature superconductor. Kary Banks Mullis Invented PCR, the process for amplifying nucleic acids. Eadweard Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge conducted motion-sequence still photographic experiments and is often called the Father of the motion picture. Try Searching by Invention If you cannot find what you want, try searching by invention. Continue Alphabetically: N Starting Surnames

Expedia Internet Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Expedia Internet Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example Chairman Barry Diller controls about 60% of the company." This paper serves as a complete marketing plan for the Internet traveling company Expedia. The information contained in this report is designed to help an individual gain a thorough understanding of the company's current standing and situation, as well as to gain a good idea of their opportunities and threats for the future. In addition, internal components to the company are discussed. The purpose of this paper is to include and/or explain a variety of components related to Expedia. It includes an executive summary, the company's overall business objectives, the company's specific marketing objectives, Expedia's business situation and SWOT Analysis, the internal situation at the company, the company's performance analysis, data on programs of a similar nature if available, resource availability and allocation, the company's external situation, the market(s) the company operates in, the company's competitors, the technological infrastructure of the company, the value chain associated with the company, a summary of strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats, marketing problems and opportunities, identification of target market(s)/market segments, marketing action plans, products and/or services offered by the company, price, integrated marketing communications-online and offline, customer acquisition and retention plans as appropriate based on objectives, distributi on and fulfillment, quality and customer service, technological infrastructure and data requirements, testing plans if appropriate, the plan for testing critical marketing or program variables, the plan for usability testing of their website, evaluation techniques, their budget, and an implementation timetable. Overall Business Objectives Expedia.com lists their business objectives as follows: Expedia delivers consumers everything they need for researching, planning, and purchasing a whole trip. The company provides direct access to one of the broadest selections of travel products and services through its North American Web site, localized versions throughout Europe, and extensive partnerships in Asia. Serving many different consumer segments - from families booking a summer vacation to individuals arranging a quick weekend getaway, Expedia provides travelers with the ability to research, plan, and book their comprehensive travel needs. Expedia-branded Web sites feature airline tickets, hotel reservations, car rental, cruises, and many other in-destination services from a broad selection of partners. (Expedia.com, 2008, pg. 1) Specific Marketing Objectives Expedia sets their marketing objectives under a strategy formulation in their annual report. They claim, "Our objective is to create long term shareholder value by creating a business that delivers significant value to customers and to suppliers with each travel purchase, and has sustainable sources of competitive differentiation" (EDGAR Online, 2008, pg. 1). Their strategy involves several key elements (EDGAR Online, 2008). The first key element that they include in their formal marketing strategy is to make their customer base larger. They plan to do this by continuing to increase awareness of their company and what it has to offer. "We believe that this increased awareness will cause increased numbers of consumers to visit our websites. Our current

The Use and Abuse of Power in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Use and Abuse of Power in Management - Essay Example Hence, power is an inherent characteristic of organisational action. Leaders and organisational management find â€Å"continued opportunity to sharpen their power-use skills in every contact they make in the group and with relevant stakeholders† (Fairholm 1993: 37). Power is an essential part of the organisational decision making undertaken by managers, and forms the medium of leadership. It plays a critical role in the selection of key staff, in resource allocation, in promotion actions, reorganisation decisions, and in the development, flow, and use of information. Power is also considered in motivational terms to be the critical difference â€Å"between the person who seeks to control the conduct of the individual and the group, and the leader who exercises control over the results they achieve† (Fairholm 1993: 46). In contemporary organisations, effective leadership depends on the use of power for success; therefore skilled use of power forms the core accomplishment in organisations. Contrasting with the use of power is the other side of the corporate coin in the form of abuse of power by organisational leadership. Increasingly, large corporation engage in corruption, and misuse of the immense power they have built up. The corporate world is overreaching the power it has amassed, similar to power in other domains such as in politics, which also exceed their limit when permitted. Due to its excessively predatory practices, the atmosphere in today’s corporate world has been termed as ‘piratical’. Abuse of power reveals itself in several ways. The most disturbing occurrences pertain to â€Å"the efforts of corporations to conscript the political process for their own benefit through their large financial contributions, both legal and illegal† (Clinard 1990: 6). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of power in organisations. The dynamics of power will include the theoretical back ground on the use and abuse of power by leaders, examination of a case study and illustrations through organisational examples. THE DYNAMICS OF POWER IN ORGANISATIONS According to Pfeffer (1992), besides organisational leaders, the members of an organisation vie with each other for dominance. They compete for the power to get their own way, while confronting competitive action by others in their intimate work group. This situation takes five aspects into consideration. Organisational participants interact continually with people in an interdependent relationship with them. The participants are in a competitive situation regarding who among them will achieve the desired goals. Scarcity forms a part of the situation to some extent. â€Å"The participants attach enough importance to the situation, goals, or approach that they are willing to engage their energy in this relationship† (Fairholm 1993: 30). These five dimensions of the power relationship also defines typical organisa tional life. Employees’ understanding of a situation increases by viewing the relationship in political power terms. Theoretical Background: Use and Abuse of Power in Organisations Leadership is a relational term, it identifies a relationship in which â€Å"some people are able to persuade others to adopt new values, attitudes and goals, and to exert effort on behalf of those values and goals† (Hogg 2005: 53). The relationship is almost always defined within the

Reusability of Code Essay Example for Free

Reusability of Code Essay Reusability of codes general purpose is to reduce unnecessary coding which in the end reduces project development time and funds. It is essentially taking code from one part of a program and attempting to employ it elsewhere without having to alter too much. This method is similar to reusing software mechanisms in object-oriented programming. Object-oriented programming and procedural programming are two programming paradigms that distribute common attributes as well as various differences. A procedure is an additional name for a routing, technique or function. Procedures and objects both use algorithms to develop the system and any logical calculation that is necessary for the program. A function is divided from variables and data compositions. Procedures are intended to run the code in a precise order, while OPP merges data with the function in the function changes the data that is bound to it into a unit identified as an object. Other useful features such as abstraction, encapsulation, and inheritance can be achieved while working with OPP. Procedural Programming The earliest programming languages were procedural, meaning a program was made of one or more procedures. A procedure is simply a module or function that performs a specific task such as gathering input from the user, performing calculations, reading or writing files, displaying output, and so on. The programs that you have written so far have been procedural in nature. The steps a program must perform to reach the desired outcome. Procedure is an independent entity and a sequence of instructions that are grouped together. In procedural programming, a task is broken down into assortment of variables and subroutines. In OPP, a task is broken down into objects which summarize the data and execution. In a procedural approach, the entirely called variable is termed as a trait of the object. The idea is to encapsulate data and a technique into what is referred to as a class. A class is a model; a class can be used to make several objects. This allows code be reusable in OPP. Object-Oriented Programming Object-oriented programming (OOP) is centered on creating objects. An object is a software entity that contains both data and procedures. The data contained in an object is known as the object’s fields. An object’s fields are simply variables, arrays, or other data structures that are stored in the object. OPPs group the data methods together so that each can operate on its own data while procedures are used to directly perform operation on data structures. OPP provides encapsulation making class whose objects can be created dynamically. OPPs have been observed to give lower quality performance as compared to procedural programming. In addition to solving the problems of code-data separation, the use of OOP has also been encouraged by the trend of object reusability. An object is not a standalone program, but is used by programs that need its service. (Gaddis, 2010) References Gaddis, T. (2010). Starting out with programming logic and design. (2 ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.

Essay --

Throughout Jewish History we have seen significant transitions from 2,000 B.C.E. to 1492 C.E. These transitions changed many different aspects of Jewish life. There are three specific events or turning points that caused tremendous change in Jewish life and had many ramifications. These three events were the Formation of the United Monarchy, the Rise of Hellenism and the Golden Age of Spain. Each of these transitions impacted Judaism in different ways that changed it forever. The different groups of people involved changed different parts of Jewish life including linguistics, politics, traditions, and literature. The United Monarchy took place between 1020 and 921 B.C.E. It was the transition between a tribal society and an actual form of government. In this monarchy, Samuel appointed Saul to be the first King. Saul was replaced by King David and eventually was followed by Solomon. This era was the most documented era throughout Biblical history. During this time period, David was God’s right hand man. Jewish people believed that the Messiah was once a living King somewhere in the Davidic bloodline. They believe the Messiah in the Bible was a human King. The word Messiah means â€Å"anointed one†. David is the one who brings together loose tribes into a government. He institutes many new things like scribe culture and census records. This becomes known as the prototype for the ideal Jewish monarch. He establishes the city of Jerusalem or the â€Å"City of David†. His legacy becomes a major theme in Jewish history. Through him, the First temple was built for worship and f or sacrifice in 950 B.C.E. This temple was extremely important to the Jewish people. It was the center for worship and politics for the kingdom of Judah. The Babylonians e... ...ed, you sent Seraphim to tell him of your great goodness. They sat down beside me and then Michael said: â€Å"This is God’s message who pleads your cause: ‘On the day that you cross waters of sorrow I am with you. When the enemy draws near, the rivers will not drowned you.’ † These three transitions had a huge effect on Jewish life in many different ways and were major turning points in Jewish history. In all three of these periods the Jews underwent many changes in their lives in many different categories. Although massive changes were made, in each of these eras the Jews somehow managed to keep their cultural identity even while adapting to other ways of life. They never lost sight of their heritage. Therefore, the Formation of the United Monarchy, the Rise of Hellenism and the Golden Age of Spain were the three most important points of ruptures in Jewish history.

Iconographic Representation Of Jesus Christ Essay

Jesus Christ, by Christian tradition is known as the lamb of God or the sacrificial lamb, so he is symbolized by a very young lamb seated on a nest of thorns. Other than this Christ is also known as ‘the fisher of men’ which relates to the biblical story of how He was able to gather people into His flock so that they would submit to His teachings; so the ancient symbol for Christ is a simple illustration of the fish as shown in the collage. Other than this, this representation also has something to do with Christ’s words to Peter, when He said, â€Å"Come with me and I will make you fishers of men. This is also the reason why the Pope wears a ring known as ‘the fisherman’s ring† so symbolize his being the Vicar of Christ on earth. Another symbol which represent’s Christ is bread, because he also said during his lifetime, â€Å"I am the Bread of Life, whosoever partakes in my banquet shall have eternal life. †; Christ is also represented by fire, light or a flame because of his pronouncement that He â€Å"is the Way, the Truth, and the Light. †   Another symbol used in the collage is the chi-rho symbol which was an ancient way of writing the name Jesus Christ.

Ophelias madness

Also, Aphelia cannot express herself the way the men around her can, reserving he r to a alone of emotions, which, in addition to being left stranded after the men in her life essentially disappear, bursts into her ultimate insanity. Every person with influence in Aphelion's life are men: Polonium, her father, Hamlet, her lover, and Alerter, her brother. These are the people who most o f the time dictate her decisions for her. In the first scene of the play involving Aphelia, h err lines are not many in number or lengthy by any means.This is because Polonium an d Alerter spend the bulk of the scene instructing her. Both men discourage her from try gusting Hamlet's love. Alerter says, â€Å"His greatness weighed, his will is not his own. For he himself is subject to his birth. † (1. 3. 1718) Alerter is saying that Hamlet cannot be devoted to her because his focus has to be on Denmark as the heir to the thro one. He also tells her to protect her virginity, which is a very author itative statement a ND possibly an uncomfortable command to receive from your brother.Polonium in the as me scene after Alerter leaves forbids Aphelia from seeing Hamlet again, telling her Ha melt may walk with a â€Å"larger tether†(125) than she, meaning her standards are stricter t Han his ND that she cannot partake in his lifestyle. It is now impossible for Aphelia to remain obedient to her father and be true to her love, Hamlet. In act 3, Aphelia prove s this by lying to Hamlet about her fathers whereabouts in a spy trap Claudia and POI onus set up with her. Hamlet recognizes he is under surveillance and ultimately tells O aphelia he is cutting her off.Aphelia loses her lover Hamlet because of the decision to b e obedient to Polonium, which ironically, is a similar obedience Hamlet has for his own fat her. Being a woman, Aphelia is held to a different standard than the men around err which doesn't allow her to express herself the way they can based on emotion n. Hamlet p lays insanity in a tactic to eventually get revenge, while Alerter storms the ca steel on motives to avenge his fathers death. Aphelia, however, must remain relatively passive.The rejection of her lover and murder of her father causes insurmountable fee lings of anger, stress, and frustration, and with no avenue for these feelings to escape , she must keep them boiling inside. Eventually, she starts taking these inner fruits actions and sorrows out on herself. Upon ACTA, both Hamlet and Aphelia are fatherless FRR ruder, but these similar circumstances do not call for similar reactions. It woo old be absurd for Aphelia to seek revenge as Hamlet has for the his father. This is La rater's role as he declares, â€Å"only I'll be revenged most thoroughly for my father. (4. 5. 135136). Being a man, avenging his father is expected, while Aphelion's expectations ARQ Eire her to remain static on the case even though her feelings for her father are just a s intense as her brother. At this po int with the return of Alerter, Aphelia has already boiled over into insanity. Being habituated to the non independent lifestyle subject to the com ands of he men around her, she is at a loss when that authority has essentially Addis appeared. Her father is dead, her brother is away at school, and Hamlet is being export d to England for killing Polonium.Hijacked of this independence, Aphelia inevitably is led to her own destruction with no turning back. Up to this point Aphelia was reserve deed, only speaking few lines, and mainly those lines were in response to a man. After being instructed to stay away from Hamlet in act 1, she simply responds to end the scene, â€Å"I shall obey, my lord . 4. 136). After her madness ensued, she almost seems lie berated from her reserves, and leads the stage. In Act 4, she is the focus of the stage I n scene 5. She sings without embarrassment, says what she is thinking and feels, and everyone listens to her. Unfortunately, though everyone is list ening, they are not under standing what she is expressing, only associating her songs and words with her madden Additionally, Aphelion's madness can be last traced, but not limited to, the dead h of her father. Most of her songs of madness refer to her father, like in act 4, s cone 5, † Sings. Larded with sweet flowers, which between to the grave did go with truelove meaning she has been crying over the death Of her father . In one Eng Aphelia refers to Hamlet saying, â€Å"Quota she, before you tumbled me, you promised me to wed. Meaning Hamlet promised to marry her if she came to bed with him, but the following few lines, â€Å"So would I ha' done, by yonder sun, an thou heads not come to my bed. â€Å"(4. 5. 6265) show Hamlets deceitful double standard where he says he would've married her if she wouldn't have come to his bed. Accustomed to the precept that she must be fully obedient to her father polo anus, Aphelia is torn when he commands her to stay away from her love r, Hamlet. This inner strife erodes her mind because she cannot express these conflicting emotion to anyone.Instead, because of the differences between an honorable lady and a upstanding man of this time period, Aphelia is expected to remain neutral on the events in her life, even after her father is murdered by Hamlet, whom she once loved . Being habituated to the men in her life commanding most of her decisions, Aphelia IS non path of ruin when these men essentially disappear (Polonium her father is dead d, Alerter her brother is overseas, and Hamlet is on his way to England). Accordingly, the e bottled feelings inside her having no reserve any longer, release out all at once, cause Eng her omelet fundamental change and obvious insanity.Had Aphelia disobeyed her father and given herself to her lover Hamlet, her fathers death may have never coco red, for Hamlet was driven into blinding anger when he was betrayed by her, losing the e last person he had to trust. Though a minor chara cter, Aphelion's impact is a pope rueful one. Her madness was inevitable and reflective of the situation women of her time were often in, being subject to the male dominance which prevailed. Equality amongst m en and women is important, for a double standard is an impossible one to operate WI thin whilst maintaining a healthy sanity.

Free Essays on The Misconception Of Jihad

Islam is rooted on the theological idea that one single god, Allah, is the source for existing things known and unknown. The meaning of Islam is to not only attain peace with God but also with oneself as well as other creations of God. Islamic followers are called Muslims. This is an Arabic word meaning adhering to one God. This involves submission to God by your own will and in complete trust and love. Surrendering one self peacefully to the absolute powerful but merciful Allah is affirmed by obedience and acceptance. God delivered his message to the prophet Muhammad through an angel called Gabriel. The prophet Muhammad is purely human and was divinely selected to serve as the messenger of God. On many occasions the prophet Muhammad would be challenged by the Obigarchy Meccan tribe who insisted that the prophet should perform miracles to support his prophetic claims, but a revelation from God instructed the prophet to respond by saying: â€Å"Say I do not say: With me are the treasures of God and I do not know the invisible, and I do not say that I am an angel, I only follow that which is revealed to me† (Sura 6:50). The holy scripture of God’s divine revelations is called the Koran or â€Å"the recitation.† This is God’s complete revelations to the prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam consists of five pillars, the first being faith. One must accept the fact that there is no God but Allah, and that Muhammad is his messenger. This recitation is called the â€Å"shihada,† and its recitation in Arabic is â€Å"La illaha illa Allah, wa ana ashadu Muhammad rasulu l’Allah†. (The Koran) One must recite this, with sincere meaning and true intentions to become a Muslim. Secondly, prayer or â€Å"salat,† which is obligatory for all Muslims to pray five times a day. Prayer is the link that connects the worshipper with God. Praying is performed at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, ... Free Essays on The Misconception Of Jihad Free Essays on The Misconception Of Jihad Islam is rooted on the theological idea that one single god, Allah, is the source for existing things known and unknown. The meaning of Islam is to not only attain peace with God but also with oneself as well as other creations of God. Islamic followers are called Muslims. This is an Arabic word meaning adhering to one God. This involves submission to God by your own will and in complete trust and love. Surrendering one self peacefully to the absolute powerful but merciful Allah is affirmed by obedience and acceptance. God delivered his message to the prophet Muhammad through an angel called Gabriel. The prophet Muhammad is purely human and was divinely selected to serve as the messenger of God. On many occasions the prophet Muhammad would be challenged by the Obigarchy Meccan tribe who insisted that the prophet should perform miracles to support his prophetic claims, but a revelation from God instructed the prophet to respond by saying: â€Å"Say I do not say: With me are the treasures of God and I do not know the invisible, and I do not say that I am an angel, I only follow that which is revealed to me† (Sura 6:50). The holy scripture of God’s divine revelations is called the Koran or â€Å"the recitation.† This is God’s complete revelations to the prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam consists of five pillars, the first being faith. One must accept the fact that there is no God but Allah, and that Muhammad is his messenger. This recitation is called the â€Å"shihada,† and its recitation in Arabic is â€Å"La illaha illa Allah, wa ana ashadu Muhammad rasulu l’Allah†. (The Koran) One must recite this, with sincere meaning and true intentions to become a Muslim. Secondly, prayer or â€Å"salat,† which is obligatory for all Muslims to pray five times a day. Prayer is the link that connects the worshipper with God. Praying is performed at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, ...

Biography of Dave Eggers

Biography of Dave Eggers Dave Eggers was born in Boston, Massachusetts on March 12, 1970. The son of a lawyer and a school teacher, Eggers grew up largely in Lake Forest, Illinois, in the Chicago suburbs. Eggers studied journalism at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign before both his parents died suddenly, his mother of stomach cancer and his father from brain and lung cancer, the circumstances of which are described in detail in Eggers highly acclaimed memoir, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. Early Life and Writing Career After the death of his parents, Eggers moved to Berkeley, California with his eight-year-old younger brother, Toph, who Eggers was now responsible for raising. While Toph attended school, Eggers worked for a local newspaper. During this time, he worked for Salon.com and co-founded Might Magazine. In 2000, Eggers published A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, his memoir of his parents deaths and his struggle to raise his younger brother. Chosen as a Pulitzer Prize finalist for Nonfiction, it became an instant bestseller. Eggers has since written You Shall Know Our Velocity (2002), a novel about two friends who travel around the world attempting to give away a large sum of money, How We Are Hungry (2004), a collection of short stories, and What is the What (2006), the fictionalized autobiography of a Sudanese Lost Boy which was a finalist for the 2006 National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction. Other work that Dave Eggers has had a hand in include a book of interviews with inmates once sentenced to death and later exonerated; a best-of collection of humor from McSweeneys Quarterly Concern,  which Eggers co-wrote with his brother, Toph; and the screenplay for the 2009 film version of Where the Wild Things Are, which Eggers co-wrote with Spike Jonze,  and the screenplay for the 2009 movie  Away We Go  with his wife, Vendela Vida. Publishing, Activism, and Screenwriting The best work that Eggers has done has not been as a writer, but as a publishing entrepreneur and activist. Eggers is well known as the founder of the independent publisher McSweeneys and the literary magazine The Believer, which is edited by his wife, Vendela Vida. In 2002, he co-founded the 826 Valencia project, a writing workshop for teens in San Franciscos Mission District that has since evolved into 826 National, with writing workshops springing up around the country. Eggers is also the editor of The Best American Nonrequired Reading series that sprung from the aforementioned writing workshops. In 2007, Eggers was awarded the $250,000 Heinz Award for Arts and Humanities, recognizing his numerous contributions in this category. The money all went to 826 National. In 2008, Dave Eggers was awarded the TED Prize, a $100,000 award towards Once Upon a School, a project designed to get people involved locally with schools and students. Books by Dave Eggers A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius (2000)You Shall Know Our Velocity (novel) (2002)How We Are Hungry (2004)(2005)(2006)What is the What (2006)Zeitoun (2009)The Wild Things (2009)

Resolving Ethical Business Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Resolving Ethical Business Challenges - Essay Example Due to his line of work, Albert makes a good decision to adopt a new lifestyle or rather class in order to look and act successful. He made new friends and this makes the profits in the portfolios to rise. On the other hand, this makes the young family spend a lot of money to maintain the stands. Albert makes a wrong decision by accepting Barry’s request. This costs the wife her job due the email scandal. Albert takes a good step to double his effort in extra business by trading in various high-risk markets but this leads to his uncle’s friends’ portfolios losing badly. A number of factors have influenced the issues facing Albert. The first factor is the new lifestyle that he adopted in order to act and look successful. Albert gains many connections but lastly it seems worthless since the portfolios decrease in value. The pressure from Barry also makes Mary to be mentioned in the email scandal. The portfolios start losing value since he is expected to make up for the loss through the high risk markets. More pressure is exerted on Albert’s side when Barry gets angry and demands for the IPO

Self awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self awareness - Essay Example Self esteem is the overall reflection of a person’s emotional worth. I will improve my self esteem by dressing well in public for the next two years before completing my education. This is the importance I attach to dressing. I will double my expenditure in clothing to the tunes of at least three times the initial amount after every three months to achieve self esteem. This is the most essential opportunities applicable to my scenario despite the other avenues being in place. Other opportunities include associating with popular members of the society. Dressing codes have been used to denote not only culture, but ascribed status as well. Therefore, dressing will denote higher self esteem. This will be attained within a period of two years. The attainment of this goal requires me to make savings that will be used to purchase the clothes. The savings will also be a step towards counteracting the obstacle of economic challenges that are unpredictable to people worldwide. This will be useful in preventing the person for relapse; adopting the previous dressing patterns. A dressing course would assist in understanding factors in the environment that make people acquire the particular dressing behaviour. With knowledge of such factors, using dressing to enhance self esteem will be unavoidable. Besides, acquiring some skills as far as funds management is concerned is also significant. In addition, I will do research to find out the requirements for one to consider to be dressing well and steps to take. The efforts required will be analysed critically. With such information, one would assemble all the resources before the actual work begins. Recording all the progress will be quite useful. These records will be evaluated after every three months. This will be critical in assuring that resources are used well, which will subsequently result into the realisation of objectives. Therefore, the planned activities will be adhered to without any violations. The major cha llenge according to this objective will be reverting to the previous dressing behaviour. This challenge would be overcome by consulting those who have undergone the entire procedure of behaviour change, and how they handled the challenges they faced. Besides, advice will be sought on how to integrate such goals with the daily life activities so that nothing is compromised. Step two Research conducted among college students in a university in Nigeria found out that people bought expensive clothes to improve their self esteem. Those who bought expensive clothes agreed that they did so to improve on their self esteem among their friends within the college. Besides, improving myself esteem, expensive clothes offer additional advantages. For example, expensive clothes are fashionable than those that are cheap. In addition, they are very durable a property that makes them to last for a longer duration than the cheap ones. This conforms to a statement in the society that states that cheap is expensive (Karnack, 35). Several approaches will be applied to ensure that my self esteem improves besides buying expensive clothes. These approaches will be used to supplement the expensive clothes that have been bought. The first will be to enhance proper hygiene; it will be a way of enriching my public appearance. In particular, my hair will be kept short and smart. Along with the clean and expensive clothes, this will greatly improve how I am perceived in public. Good hygiene together with wearing expensive clothes can only be recognized when someone identifies a posture that can be regarded as unique. These attributes put together will be crucial in enhancing my esteem (Koop, 45). They seem quite basic, but are essential for developing self esteem. Studies have also found out that untidy people have lower self esteem among themselves. Smartness; thus, brings out the personality in a person. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explains this process aptly. Maslowâ€℠¢

The Film Memento by Christopher Nolan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Film Memento by Christopher Nolan - Essay Example Leonard meets Teddy an undercover cop who tries to help him with investigations. However, his help was not welcome, as Leonard did not trust him. Leonard got a tattoo of John Gs license plate the person he believes was responsible for the murder of his wife (Nolan 2001). During the attack, Leonard slays an assailant, after telling the police that a second attacker had escaped, the police refused to investigate and said the attacker was only one. This prompted Leonard to undertake his own investigations to get his wife’s killers. This supports that he did not kill his wife. In his mission for vengeance, he met Natalie. Natalie resented Leonard as he wore her boyfriend’s clothes and drove his car (Nolan 2001). Leonard met her after he responded to a note he found in his pocket. As he did not have a sharp memory, he did not remember that the clothes were not his (Waller 4). Upon meeting him and learning of his condition, she decided to use Leonard to drive a man named Dodd out of town. She even offered to help him run the license plates. Teddy warned Leonard against Natalie, but he could not trust Teddy. Natalie gained Leonard’s trust by allowing him to talk about his wife while she listened. Natalie knew then that he loved his wife and nothing would stop him from revenge (Nolan 2001). Although he carried on with a misguided plan, he still carried on believing he was serving justice for his wife’s death, so he could not be the murderer. Finally, Teddy directs Leonard to a building claiming there, he would find John G the murderer of his wife. On getting there Natalie’s boyfriend, Jimmy was in the building. On getting there, Jimmy whispers the name, Sammy.

Comparing China And Germanys Business Cultural Differences

Comparing China And Germanys Business Cultural Differences In a country, the behaviour of the individuals and their work ethic value is determined by the national culture. It also varies from country to country. Academic such as Suku et al (2007), stated that, managers who interferes should not label peoples value, orientation and attitudes of others based on the values of their local cultures. It is important to understand that cultures differs from one place to another, Chinese culture differs from Europeans cultures. In China, they attached importance on hierarchy in an organization. hofstede study is one of the widely recognized cultural identification and measurement which have also received wide criticism. As regards to China, they have strong ethic and clan attachment, because Chinese managers are educated locally. Most often it is easy to find Chinese managers generally middle age and family business owners ranging from small to medium size. Suku (2007:p5). Similarly, Chineses governments are seeking to build Chinese brand, and produ cts that will compete globally with the aim of becoming global champion. They seek to adapt the image of chine in business and protect indigenous companies from foreign competition. Consequently, Germany is an already established economy being the third richest country in the world and the richest in Europe. Management style in western European is also different from the Chinese management style. Germany for instance have so much bureaucracy and hidden group of advisors which makes decision making process slow unlike China where decisions are taken by powerful individuals discussed in power distance in this assignment. However, the management style in western culture appears more transparent and reliable than in China and some Asian cultures. This assignment will discuss the cultural differences in China and Germany using, Hofstedes and Schwartzs theories, monochronic-pluralistic, compare high and low context culture, Trompenaar`s framework and other concepts. The assignment will also discussed the impact of adapting good cross cultural practices by local managers across borders. The answer to the assignment question will be provided based on some changes with r elation to the discussions in this assignment. 2. Comparing and Contrasting China and Germany Cultural Differences using Hofstede and Schwartz Cultural Framework Individuals are inclined by cultural norms, tradition, religions and local belief which are unlikely to be affected by changes. However, as civilization reaches different part of the world, individual are learning to adapt to their new environment in doing business. Some of the hofsteded studies and concepts are discussed below. A. Power distance There is no doubts that some societies are unequal than others but some are more unequal than others. Power distance describes the relationship which exists between the less powerful and the more powerful people in the community. According to Hofstede (1983b), power distance also refers to the hierarchy and the extent employees feel to be dependent on their managers at work. Human life is associated with hierarchy, China culture have comparative wider gap between the high and low, which leads to the rich feeling powerful and respected by the people, there is also lower prospect of movement between different classes, or levels. High power cultures like China expects supervisors to be the decision makers, and be the problem solvers, people are scare of disagreeing with the supervisors. Members of high power distance accept inequality as part of the culture. However, in low power distance such as Germany, people can disagree with their supervisors and feel confident to disagree with supervisors and as a means of defense members will often express an upward aggression although secretly and does not fear for confrontation with their boss. Hofstede (1983a). Members earn their respect and power can only be gained by the best and the best earns it, people do not gain power by merely influencing others by their position or money. There is low significant gap between the boss and the employees and the inequality among the people are minimal. Members require independent from their boss and do not require central authority and autonomy. People are not afraid to fight for their rights which make inequality unacceptable . B. Individualism/collectivism According to Hofatede (1983a), individualism collectivism is the degree identity is based on the individual and the extent the individual is incorporated in the group rather than the group or system. In other words, this distinguishes between the individual and individual collectivity. Gibson et al (1998). Individualism collectivism is also the reflection of ones ethic and way of life. According to Hofstede research, Germany are included in the high individualism places which places high value on ones willpower and individual initiatives. Individual self justification is based on personal achievements and self evaluation. Individuals judgment comes from both their personal achievement and the values place on the recognition by the society. Early et al (1999). In such culture, members pay more attention in themselves and their immediate family than the group. There is freedom of expression and right to owns opinion. Members of high individualistic cultures show more acceptance to aggressive behaviour than members of low individualistic culture. Therefore in Germany national culture, people will not be afraid to express their opinion or defend themselves and would sometimes go any length to accelerate their success. Whereas, in a collectivism or low individualism culture such as China, members show more attention to group identity, strong ties rather than ones self. Members are born in these societies and include extended families. According to Markus and Kitayama (1991), collectivists are satisfied when the group succeeds and judges their own success and failure on the activities of their association. Group needs take preference over the needs of the individual, and members frown at aggressive behaviour since disagreement will disrupt the group harmony and collective state objectives. Bergeron and Schneider (2005). C. Masculinity/ femininity As Hofstede (1980, 1983b) stated, masculinity/femininity can be distinguished by the level of roles distributions between the genders in the societies and the true biological difference being procreation. Similarly, these roles have being identified across the world as a social sex role division. National cultures which has masculinity shows the same values, however, under the same conditions, men`s show different value. Men values are different from women because men are competitive while women are modest and caring. According to Hofstede (1980), aggressive pole are label masculinity and self-effacing pole as feminine. Hofstede identified the national business culture of Germany and China as masculinity. Masculine expression is seen as aggressive, sound, cogent, and not personalized, while feminine expression is judged as cautious, welcoming, indirect, emotional, prejudiced and polite. Pearson (1981). In both Germany and China cultures, they show masculine characters, emotions are n ot expressed, men dominates discussions, and ineffective listeners, members of masculine cultures are more likely to exhibits aggression. Borisoff and Merrill (1985). In summary, According to the authors, femininity has been identified as being polite, humbly behaved, obedient and emotional, members does not support aggression and pay more attention on interpersonal relationship. 3. Reviewing countries against Trompenaar`s framework Universalism v Particularism Universalism and particularism refers to the way societies apply the law of morality and ethics. In a universalism culture, people believe they can learn all that is true and good and always determined to defend the truth. The rule of particularism is based on human judgment and friendship. Germany is an example of a universalism culture, where rules and contract are made and applied in all circumstances. Due to the universalistic approach In Germany, contract are interpreted and communicated based on the terms of the agreement which also define the relationship that exist between the parties in business. However, in a particularistic culture such as China, deciding what is right or wrong depends on the exact situation and relationships of the people involved. For the Chinese, relationship is defined based on the individual involved and the circumstances. In China, legal contract only emphasizes the beginning of a contract terms of agreement which often changes with the circumstances. International business culture tends toward the universalistic idea. In universalistic culture such as Germany, there is greater competition among employees for better job and higher earning without regarding relationship whereas in China, employee focus solely on relationship. There is always room for change in a particuistic culture, rules and regulations are flexible. Finally, these differences in culture are a huge challenges for international companies wishing to enter global market in this countries, although sometimes, these changes may prove to be an advantage. 4. High context versus low context It is essential to consider the cultural differences and the most common communication process in individualistic and collectivistic cultures to communicate effectively. This difference is best explained using low and high context communication. The context depends on the extent you know before you can communicate successfully. Problem often arise due to information sharing when workers from low and high context have to work together. This is sometimes grouped as differences in direction, quality and quantity. High context refers to societies or group where people have close connection and relationship over a long period of time. As a result of many years of interaction with each other, majority of the people know what to do and what to expect from members therefore cultural behaviour are not clearly laid out. Workers from High context cultures such as China adapt to their friends and stays very close to their families and colleagues. Workers also want to share information about various other topics among themselves. These keep every member of the group up to date with current events around the community and business. Whereas, Low context refers to societies or group appears to have many connections for a short period of time or for a purpose. Since members have shorter connections, cultural behaviours are clearly laid out in order to enable people entering the environment to understand what is expected of them and how to behave. Consequently, low context cultures such as Germany familiarizes with as mush people as possible in their everyday life because differentiation between groups are less. Workers only share minimum information enough to carry out their work, people rarely discuss or share information amongst colleagues. In China, people exchange information both at work and in private, which makes communication very proficient. They discussed everything in advance and agree on a common decision which is announced and approved in an official meeting which the people regards as ceremonious. The Chinese values this practice and regard it as dignifying. In contrast, the Germans are very formal, would not disclose agenda for a meeting before the actual time. They would only discuss important information in the meeting which will enable everyone present contributes to the decision making process. High context societies also have dense, strong boundaries, intersecting networks and favours relationship higher than tasks while low context culture have wide networks , loose and favours tasks more than relationships. 5. Monochronic v Polychronic cultures In a monochronic culture, people prefer doing one single thing at a time while in a polychromic culture, people would prefer to multi task at the same time. National business cultural norm in a polychromic culture comprises of an open door policy, meeting and business all at the same time. Germany is a monochronic culture while China is a polychronic. These differences can sometime cause problem in business transaction, example, a German prefer a close door conversation during business meeting and would not like to be interrupted by phone calls or people intruding into the office. They feel less important and disrespected if business is going on at the same time the phone is ringing and staff interrupting the conversation. The Chinese have a flexible time manner which allows them to switch from one task to other as the need arise. To a polychronic, time is unending, and flows like the sea from endless past to present unto the future. For a monochronic such as German, only one thing is permitted at a time until is successfully completed before they can switch to another. Monochronic also regards time as distinct, with an ending, they see as a single unit of hours, minutes and seconds. They prefer to plan, organize their schedules around the ticking of the time. They value time so much that lateness is not acceptable, punctuality is compulsory and people are expected to meet deadlines at work. In Polychronic cultures such as China, people like to relax, enjoy themselves, and be the person they are rather than weighing themselves down with the highly demanding world of business planning and activities. They do not regard lateness as an offense and people are allowed to work around their schedule as long as the work is completed. 6. Conclusion From the above discussions, this assignment will therefore conclude that National Business Cultures are affected by the Changing Environments. Language, Aesthetics, religion, education, attitudes and values, social organisation are some of the changes that affect the national business of a country. Some of these are discussed briefly below. Language Language to a greater extent determines the values and nature of the society. In some countries several dialects deters the business interaction among the people. Sub-cultural languages are also some of the causes of communication and tribal problems in some countries. As people travel from one place to another, language can be an advantage or disadvantage in engaging in business. As people interact they feel more confident to trust others and adapt some of the cultural norms discussed above. Languages also affect relationship and how work is done in both a monochronic and polychronic society. Language also carrying different meaning in a high and low context culture, these concepts often relate to the balance between the spoken and non spoken language. In a high context culture such as China, messages carry different meaning, it is important to understand some of the hidden cultural meaning in a message, whereas in a low context what is said carries the same meaning of the message. Religion According to hofstede (1991), China is an Atheist society, their religion is best understood by the study of Confucius teaching and concepts. In some countries religions laws are used to govern a state and will restrict individual willpower and initiatives in doing certain business. Chinese government supports this belief which reflects the attitudes of the peoples in relation to carefulness and determination. Belief and religion will also determine the level of individualistic-collectivistic of a society. However, National Business practices are changing because younger people are being educated in western style business schools and culture. Also organizations are obliged to adapt their products and services to the local culture n order not to be offensive, unlawful or not tasty to the local nation. In 2007, several advertisement relating to pig which ban in order not to offend the 2% Muslim Chinese minority, the ban was to include any picture which represents any aspect of pig meat such as sausages or picture cartoon. Consequently, Germans religion is divided into Roman Catholic and Protestants which is also practices across Europe. There is no compulsory religion in Germany, as religion is not mixed with politic. There s freedom of everything. As people belief is constants changing, the national business environment is also affected. Attitudes and values Individual Attitudes and values changes from place to place and can also change among people in the same country. It is also important to understand the local environment and the culture before entering the market. Universalism and particularism are also some of the cultural practice that changes by the attitude and values in the society. Chinese people will not do business with a stranger and prefer to do business with someone they know and can trust. Companies wishing to do businesses in China have to form friendship with the local people to establish friendship and trust not just for a short time but on a long time bases in order whereas the reverse is the case in Germany. Similarly, in some cases, promotional messages or delicate branding are designed according to the local cultures, managing local employee also may pose a challenge. Example, In 2004, China ban a Nike TV advert which shows a basketball star in a fight with kung fu master cartoon because the advert is an insult to Chinese national dignity. The effect of attitude and value on national business of a country is an important ingredient which has to be clearly studied and understood in constantly reviewed in order to keep on track the changes that may hinder businesses with the country. Education The degree of interaction between people in a society depends on the level of education. Education also determines how messages are communicated to the people and the medium of communication. The level of education among people changes from country to country. Example, it is difficult to use communication messages such as written materials to advertise in a country with a low literacy level, in such country, it will be wish to use radio advertising with audio communication and billboards. Branding and labeling of the products is another medium of advertising in such society. In China, most management courses are taught according to the standard of the western culture. As more people get educated in western way of thinking, this unarguably boasted business culture and enable modern theories and business model to take over rigid and traditional leadership style. Moreover, the need for advancement in research and development is a significant influence for both China and Germany who alwa ys seek to improve their business environment. However, as a result of word counts and limit, this will not be elaborated any further. Finally, the discussion can point out to the fact that National business culture of a nation is affected to the changing environment. 7. Management style and managing across borders Finally, in discussing some of the facts important to Saudi managers to succeed across borders in business, they should learn the management style, culture of the local people and respect their cultural differences. It is important to develop how to manage cultural diversity, differences and conflicts, dealing with issues such as control and coordination, communication and teamness Marquardt et al, Shenkar and Zeira, (2001) Cultural diversity and language difference is a challenge to any multinational company. When doing business in countries like China, managers should seek to build a lasting relationship with the local people to gain their trust and friendship. When cultural differences are neglected at work several challenges such as conflict occurs. It is important to recognize others and built flexible team, empower team members and involve staff in decision making process. When intercultural skills are ignored, results may be rage, communication barrier, and difficulty in sharing knowledge. Managers should be empathic and understand the cultural practice in countries where they are operating. Some of these cultures have great significant in the individuals and society in general as discussed above, it is therefore necessary to acquire the norms and focus on how businesses should adapt to theses cultural practices across border as stated in this assignment. Managers should understand Hofstede and Schwartz theories, monochronic polychronic, individualistic collectivistic and other cultural differences discussed in this assignment and apply them correctly in individual nation. Managers should understand what their local business environment requires and design products and services to meet such demands which will encourage universalism. They should ensure business in done in an open way according to the nations managerial style and culture example in Germany where employee competition is encouraged by companies. In conclusion, managers should always reflects on their local culture, and apply the ethic and values in cross cultural borders as a means to understanding how other nations operate before judging them. 8. References Suku Bhaskaran (2007), National culture, business culture and management practices, consequential relationships Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, and Nishal Sukumaran. The Melbourne Business School. Australia Cross Cultural Management, international Journal vol 14 no 1. 2007 pp 54-67 Dickson et al., 2003 Business Journal of Management vol 3 issue 3 Suku Bhaskaran (2007), National culture, business culture and management practices, consequential relationships, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, and Nishal Sukumaran. The Melbourne Business School, Australia Cross Cultural Management, an International Journal vol 14 no 1, 2007 p5 Euromonitor, China: How to Get a Piece of the Action in Beauty and Personal Care. 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European Business Review vol 16 no 1. p 29 .Schwartzs (1999). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies a cultural perspective. European Business Review vol 16 No. 1, p 28 . Khaled Abdou (2003). The strategic alliances between the American and German companies, a cultural perspective vol 16 issues 1 (2003) . Hofsteded (1991) Chinese employees work values vol 129 issue 2 . Ju (1993) the impact of culture on Chinese employees work values, Journal of Public Relation Vol 36 issues 1 (PR) . Kogut, B. and Singh, H. 1988, the effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, vol 19 no 3, pp. 411-32. (www.imf.org). Higgs, B. (2006). Environmental scanning pest or pleasure, Marketing magazine, 2006, 52-53 .Euromonitor, China. How to Get a Piece of the Action in Beauty and Personal Care. December 2009 Times online 2010. www.timesonline.com/news .www.bbc.co.uk/news/business link Barry Bozeman and Jeffrey D. Straussman, Public Management Strategies, Guidelines for Managerial Effectiveness. Oxford, Jossey Bass Publishers 1990. . Shenkar and Zeira, (1992) The relationship between intercultural effectiveness and perceived project team performance in the context of international development. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33, 2009, 383 Time newspapers April 15th 2001